. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. With an aim of crushing the rebels and restoring order, Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, marched on Jerusalem with Legio XII Fulminata, 2000 legionaries selected from each of the other legions nearby, six cohorts of auxiliary infantry and four squadrons of cavalry. In 256, the Persian leader Shapur captured Satala (the fortress of XV Apollinaris), and two years later he sacked Trapezus. aquila, Other sources place the legion fighting against Shapur I and his invasion of 252 CE capturing Satala. SMC.099.019. The Christian writer, Church History of Eusebius, Book V, chap V, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC.
Condemn LIVE @ American Legion Post 27 in Fayetteville, Arkansas The Twelfth fought at the Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC), when Caesar defeated Pompey. thunderbolt (on a shield
Battle of Beth Horon (66) - Wikipedia Thank you for your help!
Legio XII Fulminata - Livius Afterwards, the legion became part of Octavian's 28 standing legions and was placed under Cornelius Gallus who used it to subdue Egypt, later stationing it at Nicopolis with the XXII Deiotariana. The Palmyrene Empire was reconquered by Aurelian; Emperor Diocletian defeated the Sassanids and moved the frontier to Northern Mesopotamia. Tigris, the Twelfth stayed in the reserve, possibly as a punishment for its support of Severus' rival. World History Encyclopedia. Please support World History Encyclopedia. The defeat caused the partial collapse of the Empire, with the secessionistic Gallic Empire in the West and Palmyrene Empire in the East. The legion's emblem was a thunderbolt (fulmen).
Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Redbubble During the latest part of Augustus' principality, XII Fulminata served in Syria, camping at Raphana. Both legions were defeated by the Parthians and Armenians at the battle of Rhandeia; after surrendering, the legions were shamed and removed from this theater of war. Azerbaijan which reads: IMP DOMITIANO CAESARE AVG GERMANIC, LVCIVS IVLIVS MAXIMVS CENTVRIO LEG XII FVL When the Roman emperor Valerian tried to restore order and invaded Mesopotamia, he was defeated and captured. He viewed the acquisition as a bulwark for the eastern provinces. License.
Legio XII Victrix - Livius At the end of the war, XII Fulminata and XVI Flavia Firma were sent to guard the Euphrates border, camping at Melitene. 1. The fiction book Rome: The Eagle of the Twelfth by M.C. Command of the legion was passed to Lepidus in 41 BC after Caesar was murdered. Jonah was in the belly of the whale 4 days. Satala (256), and sacked It is likely that XII Fulminata was among them, but we are not certain.
After Caesar's victory, the men were pensioned off and received land in the neighborhood of Parma (45). The Imperial. Cappadocia, [2] On its way back, XII Fulminata was ambushed and defeated by Legio XII Fulminata and Legio XV Apollinaris were placed in Cappadocia by Vespasian (r. 69-79 CE). In 134, the threat of the However, after Caesar had been murdered, the veterans were reenlisted by his adjutant Lepidus (44), who handed the legion over to Mark Antony. All framed prints are professionally printed, framed, assembled, and shipped within 3 - 4 business days and delivered ready-to-hang on your wall. It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Battle against the Nervians, and probably also in the Siege of Alesia. Our premium-stock greeting cards are 5" x 7" in size and can be personalized with a custom message on the inside of the card. , , 1992; page 31. Scott's historical novel, Rome: The Eagle of the Twelfth, the author describes the Battle of Beth Horon and the destruction of the XII legion. (To Imp(erator) Domitianus Caesar Aug(ustus) Germanicus, (by) Lucius Julius Maximus, Centurion of Leg(ion) XII Ful(minata).)[4][5]. All content copyright 19952023 Livius.org. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1988/legions-of-mesopotamia-cappadocia--arabia/. Avidius Cassius revolted; the Twelfth, having been loyal to the Emperor, obtained the cognomen Certa Constans, "surely constant". The equivalent of an entire legion was destroyed, with 6,000 troops killed, many wounded, and the rest fleeing in disarray. The legion was involved in the annexation of Arabia where it is believed many of its legionaries were recruited only to be returned to Egypt temporarily. Pontius Pilate mentions the Legion during his meeting with Emperor Marcus Aurelius commanded the XII Fulminata in his campaign against the Quadi, a people inhabiting an area in modern-day Slovakia, and an episode of a miraculous rain and lightning saving a Twelfth subunit from defeat is reported by the sources. Parthian Empire. Iran and Claiming he would only need two legions in Armenia, the IV Scythica and XII Fulminata, the self-confident commander, Caesennius Paetus, entered Armenia and stationed his army at Rhandeia for the winter. Here you will find pieces featuring Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion. The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. Legio III Parthica (emblem: centaur; birth sign: Capricorn) was stationed at Rhesaina along the Khabur River. Adding V Macedonica and XV Apollinaris to his own legions, Corbulo was able to renegotiate a new treaty from a position of strength: Parthia would withdraw from Armenia. was under the command of Lucius Pinarius Scarpus, an ally of Mark Antony. This Gender-Neutral Adult Graphic Tees item by BlackCatTeesShop has 62 favorites from Etsy shoppers. While campaigning deep in enemy territory, the Twelfth Legion, "Fulminata" ("Thundering"), found itself under attack by a large Quadi force. Augustus' principality, XII Fulminata served in Gift Card Returns are free and easy Exchange or money back guarantee for all orders Learn more Euphrates border, camping at Roman gods, and set up Camp Jupiter in California as a base for Roman demigods. It is the only Legion of the Roman army whose status is known as the others have disappeared and scattered after the Fall of Rome. Trapezus (258). . After the murder of the emperor Publius Helvius Pertinax in 193, civil war broke out. Shortly after Herod's death, Judea was partitioned among his sons as tetrarchy, but due to disturbances by 6 CE it came under direct Roman control and, with the exception of a small autonomous region in the north, became a Roman province, ruled by prefects appointed by Rome. We know that it was called Victrix ("winner") after the civil war, which is a bit confusing because later, there was another legion called XII Victrix. During the reign of Lucius Septimius Severus, the eastern border was moved from the Euphrates to the Tigris. In 62-63 CE, the legion was transferred to the East. The province of Cappadocia was located in east-central Anatolia and was vital for its proximity to both the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains. After several days of siege, the walls of the city were breached, and Shapur entered. The region around Melitene was one of the first in which Christian faith spread.
Legio XII Fulminata | Military Wiki | Fandom Other legions in the eastern region were III Gallica, VI Ferrata, and X Fretensis. The Roman province of Arabia Petraea was annexed unopposed in 106 CE by the Syrian governor, Cornelius Palma. World History Encyclopedia.
12th legion fulminata - dialectic.solutions In ( Legio fulminata, or fulminea, not fulminatrix ). In 14 CE, the 15th, along with L.egio VIII Augusta and Legio IX Hispana staged a revolt, later to be suppressed by Tiberius' son Drusus (14 BCE to 23 CE). However, XII Fulminata fought well in the last part of the war, and supported its commander T. Flavius Vespasian in his successful bid for the imperial throne. Fulminata was due to its emblem of a thunderbolt on a shield. In later centuries it came to be commonly knownas the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thunderer Legion. It is odd that the name XII Victrix had already been used, three centuries earlier, by the legion that is better known as XII Fulminata.
Legio Xii Fulminata - Encyclopedia Information Cappadocia, to manage the matter. It may have fought on his side during his war against Caesar's relative Octavian, at Modena (43), and may have taken part in the war of Lepidus, Antony, and Octavian (the Second Triumvirate) against the assassins of Caesar, Brutus and Cassius. Caiaphas. At the end of the war, XII Fulminata and First the eighth then the fifteenth legion returned (Annals 1.30). Jesus sent out 70 Disciples to preach His Good News. The unit was still guarding the Euphrates River crossing near Melitene at the beginning of the 5th century. Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Parthian Empire. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Baku was possibly founded by the Roman troops of Lucius Julius Maximus from Legio XII Fulminata in circa 84-96 AD and derives its name from the More posts you may like r/history This was a fatal mistake: in 194, Niger was defeated by Lucius Septimius Severus at Cyzicus, the Cilician gate and Issus. The defeat caused the partial collapse of the Empire, with the secessionistic However, after a defeat where the legion lost its aquila, Gaius Cestius Gallus, legate of Syria, ordered the survivors to return to Syria. The Master and Margarita,
The Twelfth Legion Chapter 1: Mount Othrys, a percy jackson and the Polyeuctes is a martyr under Valerian who was a soldier of the Twelfth. The Romans could not get into formation within the narrow confines of the pass and lost cohesion under the fierce assault. Some historians argue that the settlement of Ramana near Baku was possibly founded by the Roman troops of Lucius Julius Maximus from Legio XII Fulminata in circa 84-96 AD and derives its name from the Latin Romana. Although some historians contend the legionaries were recruited in Macedonia and Thrace, others believe they were recruited in the East. Legio XII Fulminata and Legio XV Apollinaris were placed in Cappadocia by Vespasian. Legio duodecima Fulminata ( Twelfth Legion, armed with lightning ), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a Roman legion, levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and which accompanied him during the Gallic wars until 49 BC. The Legion served with Antony in the East and is thought to have been sent to Egypt by Augustus; however, by the end of his reign the Legion was in Syria. The Palmyrene empire was subdued by the emperor Aurelian (in 274). Fayetteville, Washington County (Ark.) In that year, general Avidius Cassius revolted against Marcus Aurelius. IV Scythica from Shows were legion was stationed. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Marys Perpetual Virginity & Jesus Brothers, Why Pollen on the Shroud of Turin Proves it is Real, Christian Inscriptions in Roman Catacombs, Eruption Of Mt. [5]. Notitia Dignitatum). Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Poster by Serge Averbukh. The legions were shamed and removed from the war theatre. Home Articles Legions Legio XII Victrix, About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. 3.
Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth All canvas prints are professionally printed, assembled, and shipped within 3 - 4 business days and delivered ready-to-hang on your wall. [9] There was a belief that this had led to the emperor issuing a decree forbidding the persecution of the Christians, but this seems to have been based on a forgery.[10]. The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Battle against the Nervians, and probably also in the Siege of Alesia. Listed on 14 Dec, 2022 World History Encyclopedia, 19 Apr 2022. It is known that the XII Fulminata was under the command of Odaenathus, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, but also that Emperor Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. They were frozen to death in a lake. During a hot summer (in 172 or 174), the legion had become surrounded by enemies on a place where no water was to be found. However, Simon bar Giora was evicted from Jerusalem due to fears by rebel government leaders of his dominance. The Roman defeats of Gordian and Valerian, and the installation of Philip, are commemorated on several Sasanian monuments. For the battle between Hasmoneans and Hellenic Seleucid Empire, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Wars of the Jews by Flavius Josephus", "The Eagle of the Twelfth (Rome, book 3) by M C Scott", Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beth_Horon_(66)&oldid=1139878626, Articles needing additional references from August 2012, All articles needing additional references, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 09:29. The youngest, a mere boy called Melito, was the last to die. This page was created in 2003; last modified on 21 April 2020. A retaliatory campaign was organized by Lucius Caesennius Paetus, the governor of Cappadocia, in 62. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Physical Description. Roman Empire during existence of the Twelfth Legion. Under Diocletian (284-305), the Romans again invaded Mesopotamia and in 298, a peace treaty was concluded in which the Persians had to give up territories in northern Mesopotamia. All the names for our week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods. [1] In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion. The 15th remained at Satala through the 4th century CE. Jerusalem, the XII Fulminata, with (Go here for the complete story, as told by Cassius Dio.). Jan 12, 2013 - The Twelfth Legion Fulminata or Legio XII Fulminata is the last remnant of the once powerful Roman military, and currently is stationed in San Francisco, California, maintaining a base near the city of New Rome.
American Legion Locations & Hours Near Fayetteville, AR XII LEGIO FULMINATA - Roman History: Latin Projects The Twelfth Legion Fulminata or Legio XII Fulminata is the last remnant of the once powerful Roman military, and currently is stationed in San Francisco, California, maintaining a base near the city of New Rome. An inscription presumably from this period has been found in modern-day Tacitus wrote of the mutiny: Their only relief from misery was to quit an ill-omened and polluted camp and to betake themselves again every one to his winter-quarters. Parthian campaign of Emperor J.-C.), Church History of Eusebius, Book V, chap V, https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Legio_XII_Fulminata&oldid=1025018764, Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Gaius Caristanius Fronto Casesianus Julius. Since legions of the Roman army during the time of Caesar were known by a number, not a name, there were often more legions with the same number; both Octavian and Mark Antony had a 12th legion.
[6] Corbulo ordered Legion IV Scythica from Moesia, and along with the III Gallica and VI Ferrata defeated the Parthians, restoring Tigranes VI to the Armenian throne. The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (in modern-day Turkey) were soldiers in the Roman 12th Legion called Fulminata, The Lightning or Thundering Legion. Some believe the Legion was given that name by Marcus Aurelius after he experienced the miraculous rain event in c. 169. Privacy Policy. Shapur I conquered the base of the XV Apollinaris,
Legio XII Fulminata - Wikipedia Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC), when Caesar defeated Pompey. Moesia, and along with the Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Greeting Card for Sale by Serge Averbukh.
7 Facts About Marcus Aurelius' Fascinating Life and Reign Gallic Wars until 49 BC.
Introducing 'Rome' Collection by Serge Averbukh, showcasing new media paintings of various artifacts and symbols of ancient Rome. In the Forum in Rome is a small building called the Oratory of the Forty Martyrs. The Twelfth must have taken part in the expeditions of third century, like the one led by Severus' son Caracalla (217) and the war waged by Severus Alexander against the new, Sasanian, Persian empire. [6][7] Facts that strengthen this hypothesis include: a military-topographical map of the Caucasus published in 1903 by Russian administrators, which refers to the town as "Romana"; various Roman artifacts found in Absheron region; and records that old(er) inhabitants referred to their town as Romani. It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! It is known that the XII Fulminata was under the command of Odaenathus, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, but also that Emperor Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Polyeuctes is a martyr under Valerian who was a soldier of the Twelfth. Home Articles Legions Legio XII Fulminata, About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. XII Fulminata was used to occupy Egypt, probably at Babylon (Cairo), but it soon returned to Syria, where it is known to have garrisoned Raphanae in 14 CE. T/F, 4. In 20 BCE, Augustus' stepson (and later successor) employed these units to impress the Parthians. It is certain that the twelfth legion returned to Italy, because at Perugia, sling stones have been found with the inscription XII Victrix. The Twelfth, which probably took part to these campaigns, is recorded guarding the frontier of the Euphrates in Melitene, at the beginning of the 5th century ( Corbulo ordered Legion When the Eastern frontier of the Empire was moved from the Euphrates to the Tigris, the Twelfth stayed in the reserve, possibly as a punishment for its support of Severus' rival. Siege of Alesia. [2] On its way back, XII Fulminata was ambushed and defeated by Eleazar ben Simon in the Battle of Beth Horon. and our After his death, his wife, queen Zenobia, continued to rule. [2][bettersourceneeded] As news of this action spread, many other towns and Jews joined the rebellion. The Twelfth probably participated in the Armenian campaign of the emperor Trajan (114), which culminated in the annexation of this kingdom. The twelfth legion had always been one of the most esteemed in Roman history. In 75 AD, the XII Fulminata was in the Caucasus, where Emperor Vespasian had sent the legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania. J.-C. - 284 ap. The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Other legions in the eastern region were III Gallica, VI Ferrata, and X Fretensis. How Did Jesus Spend the Last Week of His Life? This suggests that this Twelfth Legion was created by the emperor Constantius I Chlorus (r.293-306). Modern Persecution of Christians in China, Patriarch Jacobs Well & St. Philoumenous, Slaughter of the Theban Legion C. 286 AD, LapsiChristians Who Lapse/Abandon Their Faith, Evodias Named Followers of Christ Christians. Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the The Battle of Carrhae, 53 BCE, showed how effective Parthian warfare really was; it was one of the worse military disasters in Roman history. Legio XII Fulminata Thunderbolt Emblem Roman Legion Tank Top. Last modified April 19, 2022. In 92, the emperor Domitian sent out the twelfth legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania (in the western and eastern Caucasus). This seems to have happened in 172. Armenian capital [5] There was a belief that this had led to the emperor issuing a decree forbidding the persecution of the Christians, but this seems to have been based on a forgery.[6]. The author said something about how their eagle standard shoots lightning, so that's why they're called "armed with lightning" Or "thunderbolt 12th Legion". In 134, the threat of the Alans was subdued by the governor of Cappadocia, Arrian, who defeated the invaders with the aid of XII Fulminata and XV Apollinaris. In Rick Riordan's book The Son of Neptune, the Twelfth Legion went to America after the fall of Rome, following the Roman gods, and set up Camp Jupiter in California as a base for Roman demigods. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The 3rd was with Corbulo in 63 CE, and during the First Jewish War, it was involved in the siege of Jerusalem under the command of Titus. The cold in Armenia is very sharp, especially in March and toward the end of winter.there was also at that time a severe frost. In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion. ; birth sign: Capricorn?) Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in Ancient Rome, The Exotic Animal Business in Ancient Rome. The Persians moved on to Bezabde, guarded by the Roman legions II Parthica, II Flavia, and II Armenia. Rome is interesting and these legions seemed cool so I decided to do some research (I read a wikipedia article) but I couldn't find why they were called Fulminata? The twelfth legion must have played a role in all these campaigns, but we have almost no information about them. [2][3] Among the facts that strengthen this hypothesis are the military-topoghraphical map of Caucasus published in 1903 by Russian Administration which spells name of town as "Romana"; various Roman artefacts found in Absheron region and also old inhabitants' referring to the town as Romani. Augustus was emperor at the time. Legio XII Fulminata , also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. Valerian moved against Shapur, but was defeated and captured. Riordan Wiki is a FANDOM Books Community. Find 18 listings related to American Legion in Fayetteville on YP.com. It was originally levied by Diocletian defeated the Sassanids and moved the frontier to Northern 04 Mar 2023. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. When Antony was defeated in the naval battle off Actium (31 BCE) by Octavian, some veterans were settled at Patras (in Greece), where they were accompanied by soldiers of X Fretensis. The legion itself was sent back to the east. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. Captive Roman soldiers were ordered to build a bridge at modern Shushtar. The small exquisite painting is signed by an unknown painter named Nikitarea. In 37 BC Rome installed Herod the Great as a client king of Judea, helping him oust the Parthian-backed leader Antigonus II Mattathias. As they neared the pass of Beth Horon, they were ambushed and came under attack from massed missile fire and arrows.
"American Legion Auxiliary of Arkansas, Fayetteville Chapter history, 1" Legate of In the East, King Vologeses I had invaded Armenia (58), a client kingdom of Rome. III Parthica participated notably in the wars of Macrinus (r. 217- 218 CE) and Gordian III (r. 238-244 CE). XV Apollinaris. Wasson, D. L. (2022, April 19). The Ipuwer PapyrusWere The 10 Biblical Plagues Real?
Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth During the latest part of Augustus' principality, XII Fulminata served in Syria, camping at Raphana. No Roman legion has ever penetrated this far to the east. World History Encyclopedia. All content copyright 19952023 Livius.org.
Cassius Dio on the Rain Miracle - Livius The unit was still guarding the Euphrates River crossing near Melitene at the beginning of the 5th century. The protests were ignored by the governor until public attacks in Jerusalem on Roman citizens and others accused of having Roman sympathies, led the army garrison to intervene. Since this legion was constituted by Caesar, the emblem of this legion may have been a bull, but this symbol is nowhere found. The eleventh and twelfth legions were recruited by the Roman general Julius Caesar for the campaign against the Helvetians in 58 BCE. Parthian Empire in present-day
r/history - Why was the Legio XII called "Fulminata"? In 66 CE, long-standing Greek and Jewish religious tensions worsened after Jewish worshippers witnessed Greek civilians sacrificing birds in front of a local synagogue in Caesarea Maritima[1] and complained to the authorities.
Jesus sent out 70 Disciples to preach His Good News. In the final phase of the war between the Jews and Romans, XII Fulminata regained its reputation for fighting bravely. Lucius Verus, in 162166, if a mixed unit of XII and XV controlled for some time the newly conquered Like the other legions of the campaign, it participated in the looting of Ctesiphon. In 66, after a However, XII Fulminata fought well in the last part of the war, and supported its commander T. Flavius Vespasian in his successful bid for the imperial throne. Euphrates River crossing near Until the fifth cohort went on a mission and never came back. [10]. Armenia during Even if there was a myth in those times about the lightning thing then all the legions would be called that, but only the 12th is called as such. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Art Print by Serge Averbukh.
Twelfth Legion Fulminata | Percy jackson, Camp jupiter, Heroes of olympus Related Content In Mikhail Bulgakov's book The Master and Margarita, Pontius Pilate mentions the Legion during his meeting with Caiaphas. After the death of Emperor World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Its name indicates it was raised by Antony in Cyrenaica in Northern Africa. However, when disaster seemed inevitable, a heavy shower relieved the Romans. As the Roman Empire expanded further eastward, annexing territories that were once the domain of the Parthians, the legions of Mesopotamia, Cappadocia, and Arabia were called upon to safeguard these newly acquired territories. Challenge your brain with a jigsaw puzzle designed by an independent artist! battle of Rhandeia; after surrendering, the legions were shamed and removed from this theater of war. Although he had successfully annexed both, another Jewish uprising, declining troop morale, and illness forced him to withdraw. Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.
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