Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. %PDF-1.5 There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. /Font << PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management Email Address. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. It also decided that the Public . In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. >> In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. This is because most of the power (financial and. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. 1. << 3 0 obj The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character You are already subscribed to our newsletter! sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, (Tanzi, 1996). Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. /Type /Page ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview endobj 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Required fields are marked *. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. 7 Topics . /Contents 4 0 R Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. It is our pleasure. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? /Length 14727 International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of welcome, and thanks for reading us. 6 0 obj Required fields are marked *. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . However, that is not so in a federal government system. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? /F1 6 0 R Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. 74 . Federalism in Nigeria. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . (eds. |4-Iv >> 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Federalism - Federal Features of Indian Constitution For UPSC! Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. Your email address will not be published. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project He rejects the assertion that PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. stream Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. /Length 3884 Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Best information base for latest information both national and international. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. /F4 15 0 R Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts .
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