12/29/2010, Contact Information | Rights & Permissions, This resource was created by scholars at the University of Chicago and funded by the Illustrated by A. D. McCormick, with fold-out color map. So, if we do our duty aright in the Philippines, we will add to that national renown which is the highest and finest part of national life, will greatly benefit the people of the Philippine Islands, and, above all, we will play our part well in the great work of uplifting mankind. Translated from Russian. Name: Grady Lentz Rhodes cartoon analysis Figure 1.4: Imperialist, explorer and businessman Rhodes as a. Texas and U.S.S. In these details, the headlight of a modern vehicle (Judge, 1900) and starlight from a goddess of civilization (Puck, 1898) illuminate demeaning caricatures of China. [View Extract]. Some of the poorest provinces in the north were further stressed by a destructive combination of flooding and prolonged drought. The Cape to Cairo trip is a thrilling, unpredictable journey of over 6,200 miles and it is not for the faint of heart. Foreign buildings and churches were torched and the Beijing-Tianjin railway and telegraph lines were dismantled, cutting communication with the capital. All of the hastily organized camps, for whites and blacks alike, had inadequate accommodations, wretched sanitation, and unreliable food supplies, leading to tens of thousands of deaths from disease and starvation. The cartoonist targets capitalists as the true power behind the policies and practices in the Pacific, with a portrait of businessman Marcus Hannaa dollar sign elongating his earthat dwarfs a portrait of President William McKinley. The screen in the cartoon may refer to the early films that fed public fascination with China and the Boxer crisis, including Edisons recreation of the Bombardment of Taku Forts by the Allied Fleets (1900, view in the Library of Congress) and a four-minute British production that staged the murder of a missionary by Boxers called Attack on a China Mission (1900). to our monthly Newsletter to learn and link to the content of each issue. [p. 199], The Way We Get the War News. Imperialism--British--1900-1910, - Recommended citation: Ellen Sebring, Civilization & Barbarism: Cartoon Commentary & The White Mans Burden (18981902), Volume 13, Issue 27, No. The second was the U.S. conquest and occupation of the Philippines that began in 1899. The banners of both side pronounce fidelity to the golden rule., Boxer banner (Chinese forces flags): Do not do unto others what you would not that others should do unto you. Purpose In this activity, you will analyze and then create cartoons about imperialism. All this for politicsis civilization advancing? Victor Gillam,Judge, February 3, 1900. The conspicuously larger size of Britannias big guns in Pucks cartoon reflects Englands leading role in imperial conquest. Colossal goddess figures and other national symbols were overwritten with the message on their clothing and the flags they carried. Mish Mish Effendi cartoon 1930s. The U.S. follows Britains imperial lead carrying people from Barbarism at the base of the hill to Civilization at its summit. In Vebers rendering of Les Progrs de la Science (The Advancement of Science), Boer prisoners of war are being shocked by an electric fence to the amusement of British troops on the other side. In this rendering, progresseconomic, technological, and culturalis spread through global military aggression. Bello, Walden. The larger objective, to gain control of the Boer territories, was part of Britains colonial scheme for Cape to Cairo hegemony in Africa. Postwar industrialization and the introduction of new commodities such as steel and electricity gradually transformed the agrarian nation. Lucky Filipinos: the Philippine-American War. How does the "Prelude to the Scramble" (Visual Source 18.1) differ from "From the Cape to Cairo" (Visual Source 18.3)?, 2. In Library of Congress notes on this image, the seated figure on the left is identified as Minervathe Roman goddess of wisdom, arts, and commerce. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. 11 [-21]. The small print under this graphic quoted these lines from McKinleys speech: Teaching them the truth of the common fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, and showing that if we are not our brothers keepers we can be our brothers helpers., William! The caption quotes one of the presidents speeches: Teaching them the truth of the common fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, and showing that if we are not our brothers keepers we can be our brothers helpers. Ships for American commerce a speciality., Right: Uncle Sam proudly displays his new steamship and a sign that reads, Uncle Sam the ship builder re-established with great success in 1893. Published in April 27, 1898, the first cartoon calls the monumental warship The Sphinx of the Period: an unknown quantity in modern warfare. About a month later, a June 1 graphic picks up on the Sphinx metaphor and declares The American Battle-Ship is No Longer an Unknown Quantity. A pugnacious sailor and sweeping U.S. flag have replaced the inscrutable sphinx; guns are smoking, the Spanish fleet lies sunken below. Address of Pope Barrow to the Daughters of the American revolution. Yet, the protagonists exchange encouraging looks, revealing the covert support behind their positions of benevolent neutrality., The Anglo-Saxon Christmas 1899. Mans Burden, emphasized its hypocrisy. English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century China(Durham: Duke University Press, 2003). Copyright 1902 by Keppler & Schwarzmann. Vultures hover above the procession, and the artifacts of past civilization are trampled underfoot at the rear. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and The penetration of missionaries into the interior of China, for example, destabilized rural economies and incited anti-foreign sentiments. N.Y. : J. Ottmann Lith. The caption, From the Cape to Cairo. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). 83-108 (2006). Raising money to Save the Foreign Devils recurs in the visual record. Uncle Sam is to be Sacrificed: Anglophobia in Late Nineteenth-Century Politics and Culture.American Nineteenth Century History. S Summary is a official man just stand up over a land. In the French cartoon Leur rve (Their dream), the globe is portrayed as a victim carried on a stretcher. Library of Congress Duplication Services. In this 1898 cartoon, Britannia (Great Britain) welcomes Columbia (the United States) as an estranged daughter and new imperialist partner. Each of the three major turn-of-the-century wars left a trail of contention in the visual record. 3, pp. The strategy was among several emerging in these small wars of the turn of the century. Page updated: Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and including the catalog This ca. The title of the cartoon calls attention to the barbarous uses of much modern technology and so-called progress., les prisonniers bors ont t runis en de grands enclos o depuis 18 mois ils trouvent le repos et le calme. England has governed her colonies whether they consented or not. December 10, 1892] Source:Library of Congress. Leur rve (Their dream). Seated around them (left to right) are a feminized Russia, Turkey, Italy, Austria, Spain, and France. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside | Print shows John Bull reclining on luggage labeled "J.B." and boxes of "War Supplies" and "Commissary Supplies" at the "Hotel Egypt" where an Egyptian man is hanging 1 print : chromolithograph. Hanna was a wealthy businessman with investments in coal and iron who financed McKinleys 1896 election campaign with record-breaking fundraising that led to the defeat of opponent William Jennings Bryan. Confucius, Missionary banner (Allied forces flags): Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them. Misery Loves Company: Parallel Colonial Wars (1899-1902). The U.S. policy of benevolent neutrality supported Britain in the Boer War with large war loans, exports of military supplies, and diplomatic assistance for British POWs. Includes bibliographical references and index. More about Copyright and other Restrictions. His biblical title, which came from Matthew 4:16 (The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light), picked up on many pro-imperialist themes of the times. French Satirical Drawings from LAssiette au Beurre(New York: Dover Publications, 1978). Der Traum der Kaiserin von China (The Dream of the Empress of China),Simplicissimus, July 3, 1900. Regarding the Philippines in particular, he continues: without any desire or design on our part, the war has brought us new duties and responsibilities which we must meet and discharge as becomes a great nation on whose growth and career from the beginning the ruler of nations has plainly written the high command and pledge of civilization. Sitemap Source: Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts, Yale University. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, The barbarity of imperial war is displayed on a battlefield littered with dead soldiers of many nationalities that stretches from contemporary warshere, the Philippines and Transvaal (Boer War)back through time to Roman Wars. The sub-caption of this 1900 Judge cartoon once again asks the disturbing question: is civilization advancing?. Other graphic techniques were used by cartoonists to communicate this message. John Bull, whose portliness stood for prosperity, has joined with Uncle Sam to swallow the globe. (The exception would be Manchuria, alternating between Russian and Japanese control in the coming years.) N.Y. : J. Ottmann Lith. Brewer, Susan. 203228. 12, Issue 1, pp. Heine provided Simplicissimus with what has become a justly famous image: an armed knight, representing the West, pours a torrent of blood over Asia, while his sword drips blood on Africa. Rus. in: Puck, v . Newly conquered populations, described in the opening stanza as your new-caught, sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child would need sustained commitments to serve your captives needs.. From breathtaking sights to local culture, Africa is the heartbeat of the world, and anyone lucky . Women and children were included among the Boer prisoners of the British. The caption reads: The Stranger: How long have you been civilized? It is just to use every legitimate means for the enlargement of American trade; but we seek no advantages in the Orient which are not common to all. Phillips, Richard and Jones, Rhys. Stark images such as these helped make public a subject that was generally suppressed. Theory and Society16(5):675 (1987). Lifes black-and-white January 4, 1900 cover welcomed the new millennium by illustrating The Anglo-Saxon Christmas 1899. John Bull and Uncle Sam are positioned within a holiday wreath, machine guns pointing out in both directions. N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. Who is present in this cartoonor perhaps a better question is, who is not present? 11 [-21]. Death to all Schools but Ours. The last marcher holds up Drummers Samples, referring to the traveling salesmen of business and commerce. A cartoon published in May, 1899 over the caption And Peace Shall Rule offered a female angel of peace flying over a globe (turned to Asia and the Pacific) hoisted by John Bull and Uncle Sam. In the final years of the Civil War, U.S. naval power was second only to the great seafaring empire of Great Britain. Britain, the more powerful military partner, shows celebrated victories over the Spanish Armada in 1588 and over the French and Spanish navies at Trafalgar in 1805. The image appeared in the June 27, 1901 issue of LAssiette au Beurre by Steinlen titled, A Vision de Hugo, 18021902. The full mural decries the bloodshed of colonial warfare in Turkey, China, and Africa. Beginning in 1896, the British carried out military expeditions in Sudan in order to reassert control over the Upper Nile region. In a striking Judge graphic, an Auto-Truck of Civilization and Trade lights a pathway through the darkness, leading with a gun and the message: Force if Necessary. Overladen with manufactured goods and modern technology, the vehicle is driven by a resolute Uncle Sam. President McKinley at the Conference of Foreign Missions. The fallen man clasps the flag of the Philippine independence movement, inscribed with the words Give Us Liberty. His hat quotes the most famous phrase in the U.S. Britain stepped in to defend the rights of the immigrants, known as uitlanders (foreigners) to the Boers. Source:Library of Congress, In this 1902 cartoon, Britains Boer War and goals on the African continent are identified with the march of civilization and progress against barbarism. Simultaneously, the war against Spain in Cuba and the Caribbean saw the U.S. seizure of Cubas Guantanamo Bay in June, giving the U.S. a naval base retained into the 21st century. Keppler, Udo J., Artist. When this cartoon was published, the foreign Legation Quarter in Beijing was besieged by Boxers and Qing troops. Colonists--British--1900-1910. (doi:10.1093/cjip/pol005), Faunce, Rev. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938). - Designed using Unos. A post-conflict report calculated that close to 28,000 white Boers perished (the vast majority of them children under sixteen), while fatalities among incarcerated native Africans numbered over 14,000 at the very least. Having defeated China in 189495, Japan is presented by Columbia (the U.S.) to her closest ally, Britannia (Great Britain). And Peace Shall Rule. Udo Keppler,Puck, May 3, 1899. It Ought to be a Happy New Year. The image is ironically paired with a quote attributed to an Official Report to the War Office that says iron railing through which an electric current runs makes the healthiest and safest fences., Les Progrs de la Science (The Advances of Science). 1898) illuminate demeaning caricatures of China. In his hand, he holds a telegraph wire, which he wanted to build along with the . Pucks caricature of Germanys Bible-quoting Kaiser Wilhelm II ready to machine gun foreign non-believers captures the role of Christianity in turn-of-the-century Western imperialism. , 1902. Co., Puck Bldg., 1902 December 10. The blackboard contains the lessons learned from Great Britain on how to govern a colony and bring them into the civilized world, stating, By not waiting for their consent she has greatly advanced the world's civilization. Driven by competition with each other and economic pressures at home, the worlds major powers ventured to ever-distant lands to spread their religion, culture, power, and sources of profits. If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. Photograph. Coinciding with the British reconquest of the Sudan was this cartoon drawn by Joseph Keppler, a frequent contributor to the American political satire and humor magazine, Puck. Keppler, U. J. The countries have been jumbled to align them with American or British imperialistic interests. No blow has been struck except for liberty and humanity, and none will be., Is this Imperialism? Pro-imperialist cartoons often depicted the West as literally shining the light of civilization and progress on barbaric peoples. Model students Hawaii and Porto Rico appear as docile girls learning their lessons. Good Will to Nobody., The Poet, the President & The White Mans Burden, Rudyard Kiplings poem that begins with the line Take up the White Mans burden was published in the United States in the February, 1899 issue of McClures Magazine, as the American war against the First Philippine Republic began to escalate. Blocking its uphill path, the Chinese dragon crawls downhill bearing a Boxer waving a bloody sword and banner reading 400 Million Barbarians. The image puts progress and primitivism on a collision course at the edge of a cliff. Smith, Arthur Henderson. The Great Rapprochement describes a shift in the relationship of the U.S. and Great Britain that, in the 1890s, moved from animosity and suspicion to friendship and cooperation. 1900) and starlight from a goddess of civilization. William!! Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, ppmsca 25696 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.25696. Given the rhetoric of civilizing uplift used to justify expansion, training was expected as part of the incorporation of new territories into the U.S. - Now clad in armor and carrying a spear, she threatens to intervene to stop the anti-foreign, anti-Christian acts of anarchy, murder, and riot that have spread to Beijing. The Native: Ever since my home was burned to the ground and my wife and children shot.. Along with his burden of steel, trains, sewing machines, and other industrial goods, Uncle Sam carries a book titled Education, Religion in a nod to the rhetoric of moral uplift that accompanied the commercial goals of the civilizing mission.